Unit  1

Passage  2                          （387此 交流沟通类  建议做题时间：8分钟）

Communication is a dynamic process with the interacting components of sending, receiving and feedback. Nonverbal cues may provide clarity or contradiction for a message being sent. If an ironic statement is made with a smile, the receiver knows to find it humorous instead of disconcerting. If we are sending a verbal message intending to deceive and avert our eyes the receiver knows we may be lying. nonverbal cues also influence how we perceive and are perceived. Familiar faces may make us more likely to start a relationship and continue it. Nervous facial expression hinders other’s perception of our competence and persuasiveness. Nonverbal cues can provide information we may not want dispelled. Our decoding ability arises at a young age and increases as we get older, influencing our daily lives whether we are aware of it or not.

Nonverbal communication has many functions in the communication process. It regulates relationships and may support or replace verbal communication. Among the many factors contributing to nonverbal communication are sending and receiving ability and accuracy, perception of appropriate social roles, and cognitive desire for interpersonal involvement or assessment. Difficulties may arise if communicators are unaware of the types of messages they are sending and how the receiver is interpreting those messages. Discrepancy may also arise of the sender’s message does not fit ht receiver’s perception of social norms for the  particular situation. All parties involved must desire interaction in order for reciprocal communication to occur. Research in nonverbal communication provides awareness and possible solutions to many communication problems.

The ambiguous nature of emotion creates a wide variety of possible interpretations for both sender and receiver. Our ability to nonverbally communicate accurately is inhibited by internal and external properties. Humans do not display pure emotion. Our affective states are a mixture of varying quantities and strength of emotion. The neurophysiological composition of ht human body define sour ability to convey opposing and overlapping emotions at he same time. For example, anger is often accompanied by anxiety and fear. The emotional overlap often creates confusing messages for the receiver. Generally there is not a thorough understanding of our own states. Studies have shown that a few emotions, such as happiness, sadness, anger and fear, can be distinguished cross-culturally. Other behavioral manifestations of emotion lie on a continuum, defined by the communicator’s cultural background.

11. You can judge whether one’s words are true hostile or not by comparing with his         .

12. What does “decoding ability””(Line 10, Para.1) mean?

13. Nonverbal communication may be        if the message doesn’t know how the receiver may interpret it.

14. The internal properties inhibiting ht accuracy of our nonverbal communication are mainly about                   .

15. We cannot even understand the states of our own emotion for its nature of         .

本单元解析

11. nonverbal cues                  12. Ability to understand nonverbal cues.

13. difficult                        14. emotion

15. ambiguity/being ambiguous

 难句突破                                                            

1. Our decoding ability arises at a young age and increases [as we get older],[ influencing our daily lives[ whether we are aware of it or not]].

〖分析〗复合句。主句有两个并列谓语，as 引导时间状语从句，influencing 做伴随状语，其中含有一个whether 引导的条件状语从句。

〖译文〗我们的心信息解码能力在很小的时候就形成了，并且随着年龄的增加而增长，不管我们是否意识到它，这种能力都影响着我们的日常生活。

2. Among the many factors (contributing to nonverbal communication) are sending and receiving ability and accuracy, perception (of appropriate social roles), and cognitive desire (for interpersonal involvement or assessment).

〖分析〗倒装句。整个虚线部分做句子的主语，主语中的of 短语和for 短语分别修饰perception 和 cognitive desire.

〖译文〗对非言语交流起着重要作用的因素中有如下几项：发出和接受语言信息的能力和精确度，对适当的社会角色的领悟能力以及对人际交往或评价的认知欲。

解题思路

说明文。文章采用总分模式，描写了非言语信息的一些特点及作用。首段指出非言语信息在交流中的重要作用；第二段主要列举出几个影响非言语交流正常进行的外在因素；第三段指出影响非言语交流的内在因素：情感的模糊性和复杂性。

11. nonverbal cues. 此题是问我们通过什么可以确定别人说的话是不是友好的。原文第一段第三句说如果是带着笑意的反语表述，别人会认为很幽默而不是难堪，由此可知答案为非言语信息。

12. Ability to understand nonverbal cues. 第一段中，前面一直在讲非言语信息，并提到了人们利用非言语信息理解他人真正意图的能力。此处的decoding ability 直译为“解码能力”，指的就是理解非言语信息的能力。

13. difficult. 第二段讲的是影响非言语交流的因素。 第四句中提到如果交流者不知道被传递的信息属于哪个方面或者他们不知道信息接收者会如何解释那些信息，difficulties may arise. 看来非言语交流需要有一个共识做前提，否则就很难交流下去。

14. emotion. 末段第二句中提到，影响非言语交流的准确性有内在和外在两个方面的因素。第二段中讲述的其实是外在因素，本段讲述的emotion 就是内在因素。

15. ambiguity / being ambiguous. 答案在末段第一句中已经给出：The ambiguous nature of emotion…. 给出对应的名词形式即可。

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（详情请看《CET6 标准阅读160篇》第11版）